Involved in wind energy research for nearly 50 years, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is uniquely positioned to address the three grand challenges that will drive innovation in the wind industry: gaining improved understanding of the wind resource and flow in the region of the atmosphere where wind power plants operate, addressing the structural and system dynamics of wind turbines, and designing and operating wind plants to support grid reliability.
The NREL wind program's top 2020 achievements demonstrate the laboratory's scientific and research abilities, as well as its clear vision for wind energy advancement.
1. New Reference Turbine Gives Offshore Wind an Upward Draft
Market predictions show rapid growth for offshore wind turbines over the next 10 years, which will require tools that can help engineers and designers develop better-performing, more cost-competitive wind turbines. To meet this need, the NREL released the International Energy Agency Wind Technology Collaboration Programme (IEA Wind) 15-MW reference wind turbine, developed in collaboration with the Technical University of Denmark and the University of Maine. This open-source model will provide industry, researchers, and academics with a valuable benchmark for the next generation of offshore turbines, upon which future innovation can be measured.
2. ARIES Powers Flatirons Campus through Outage
The NREL's new utility-scale substation, which supports the Advanced Research on Integrated Energy Systems (ARIES) research platform, experienced a utility-scale emergency. An early-September outage at the NREL's Flatirons Campus cut power to the entire site, including its servers, offices, and research hardware. ARIES successfully repowered the campus exactly as envisioned for renewable microgrid systems of the future, and the campus ran on 100% renewable energy for 24 hours.
3. ExaWind Supercharges Wind Power Plant Simulations on Land and at Sea
Designing and installing wind power plants is an expensive and time-consuming venture. To help address these hurdles, the NREL developed ExaWind, an open-source suite of physics codes and libraries that enables multi-fidelity simulation of wind turbines and wind power plants. These capabilities will help researchers tackle the intricacies of wind plant flow dynamics and reduce the cost of wind-generated electricity — ultimately facilitating more widespread deployment of wind energy in the United States.
4. Offshore Wind Research Yields Promising Data and Innovative Tools
Over the past 5 years, offshore wind energy has developed into a robust industry characterized by rapidly evolving technologies and decreasing costs. In 2020, NREL researchers led offshore wind advancement with studies like The Potential Impact of Offshore Wind Energy on a Future Power System in the U.S. Northeast, which indicated that offshore wind energy could have a significant impact on power system performance in the Northeastern United States, and the NREL's 2019 Offshore Wind Technology Data Update, which shows advancing technology, falling prices, and increased federal and state support for the U.S. offshore wind industry. In addition, NREL researchers developed tools like the Offshore Renewables Balance-of-system and Installation Tool (ORBIT), which can be used to evaluate how expenses related to systems other than the capital expenditures of the turbine vary as project characteristics, technology solutions, and installation methodologies change.
5. NREL Offshore Wind Plant Optimization Boosts Performance, Reduces Costs
Researchers at the NREL are taking a plant-level, systems-engineering approach to maximize offshore wind systems' energy output, lifespan, and economic feasibility while minimizing forces on individual wind turbines. Using the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS) model to devise plant control and wake steering strategies and combining wake steering with collective consensus controls to increase energy productivity, the NREL's wind plant optimization innovations will help spur the growth of U.S. offshore wind.
6. NREL Invites Turbine Manufacturers to Help Advance Distributed Wind Energy Innovation
In support of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) collaborative Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) project, the NREL invited wind turbine manufacturers to express their interest in installing distributed-scale wind turbines as research hardware at the NREL's Flatirons Campus. The new turbines will advance distributed wind energy innovation and help build wind assets at distributed scale as part of the larger ARIES platform.
7. NREL Research Makes Skies and Seas Safer for Wildlife
In 2020, NREL researchers developed new technologies and techniques to monitor and mitigate wind energy's impact on coastal ecosystems. From evaluating the effectiveness of ultrasonic deterrents in reducing bat-turbine interactions to measuring, modeling, and mitigating the effects of wind projects on underwater environments, NREL researchers are working hard to find solutions that keep wildlife safe above and below the ocean surface.
8. Workforce Programs Help Prepare, Connect the Wind Workforce
While the wind energy industry employment grew more than 50% from 2015 to the end of 2019, 68% of wind energy employers have difficulty filling entry-level jobs, and 83% of students or recent graduates who applied say it is hard to find a position in wind energy. In 2020, the NREL helped bridge this wind workforce gap through the DOE Collegiate Wind Competition, which provides college students hands-on, real-world wind energy technology and project development experience, and through research that illuminates wind industry hiring processes and perspectives from job seekers.
9. Maps Provide Easy-to-Understand Snapshots of Wind Resources
As states consider shifting more electricity generation to wind power and other clean energy sources, developers need to consider several factors before putting turbines in the ground. With funding from the DOE, experts at the NREL created a new series of wind resource maps that provide easy-to-understand snapshots to help regional governments, businesses, and civic leaders assess whether wind power makes sense for their communities.
10. Analysis and Optimization Tools Help Propel Hybrid Energy Deployment
Hybrid power plants — those that combine wind, solar, storage, and other renewable technologies — show promise for providing significant value to the electric grid system. The NREL is developing analysis and optimization tools to help plant owners design more cost-efficient and grid-friendly hybrid renewable energy plants, develop economies of scale, and increase their system value. This work will help propel the commercialization of hybrid power plants that can increase the potential for deployment of renewable energy in the United States and around the world.
For more information, read the NREL's Accomplishments & Year-End Performance Report.
